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Under-Served
Health Determinants of Indigenous, Inner-City, and Migrant Populations in Canada
Edited by Akshaya Neil Arya, Thomas Piggott
September 2018
Print ISBN: 9781773380582
Overview
Under-Served brings together the perspectives of academics, front-line health care providers, and policy-makers to examine the historical, political, and social factors that influence the health and health care of under-served populations in Canada, focusing particularly on Indigenous, inner-city, and migrant populations. This vital text broadens the traditional determinants of health—the social, economic, environmental, and behavioural elements—to include factors like family and community, government policies, mental health and addiction, homelessness and housing, racism, youth, and LGBTQ identity.
With a foreword by former Chief Public Health Officer of Canada David Butler-Jones and contributions from leading scholars, this edited collection comprises 28 chapters divided into 6 sections including those on research for under-served groups and ways to promote change through education, advocacy, and system changes. Featuring section introductions, learning objectives, critical thinking questions, and additional resources, this edited collection will engage students in health studies, nursing, and social work in crucial topics such as health promotion, social inequality, and community health.
FEATURES
- includes a student supplement featuring clinical case vignettes and personal stories of patient care
- contains in-text pedagogy including learning objectives, critical thinking questions, and a glossary
- incorporates case studies and inspiring stories from health providers working in the field
Introduction to Determinants of First Nations, Inuit, and Métis Peoples’ Health in Canada
Margo Greenwood, Sarah de Leeuw, Roberta Stout, Roseann Larstone, Julie Sutherland
Promoting the Health of Older Adults
Irving Rootman, Peggy Edwards, Mélanie Levasseur, Frances Grunberg
Table of Contents
Contents Foreword by David Butler Jones Introduction 1 Akshaya Neil Arya and Thomas Piggott
SECTION I INTRODUCING UNDER-SERVED POPULATIONS AND THEIR DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH 11
Section Introduction by Thomas Piggott and Neil Arya
Chapter 1 || Deconstructing the Concept of Special Populations for
Health Care, Research, and Policy 12
Thomas Piggott and Aaron Orkin
Chapter 2 || The Social Determinants of Health of Under-Served
Populations in Canada 23
Dennis Raphael
SECTION II INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS 39
Section Introduction by Karen Hill
Timeline || Policies and Practices Influencing Indigenous Health 43
Bonnie M. Freeman
Chapter 3 || The Impact of Intergenerational Trauma to Health: Policies, Relocation, Reserves, and Residential Schools 45
Bonnie M. Freeman
Chapter 4 || Intergenerational Trauma and Indigenous Health in Canada: How Racism Affects the Health of the Indigenous Patient 57
Paul Tomascik, Thomas Dignan, and Barry Lavallée
Chapter 5 || Health and Health Service Needs in Urban Indigenous Communities 67
Martin Cooke and Piotr Wilk
Chapter 6 || Health for Canadian Indigenous Children 82
Anna Banerji
Chapter 7 || Exploring the Development of a Health Care Model Based on Inuit Wellness Concepts as Part of Self-Determination and Improving Wellness in Northern Communities 92
Gwen K. Healey
Chapter 8 || Fostering Resilience with Indigenous Youth 105
Bonnie M. Freeman
SECTION III INNER-CITY AND OTHER SPECIAL POPULATIONS 117
Section Introduction by S. Luckett-Gatopoulos
Timeline || Minimal Supports for the Bottom of the Labour Market 120
Joe Mancini
Chapter 9 || Historical Roots—Why in a Time of Unprecedented Wealth and Health Do We Have Homelessness and Ill Health? 121
Joe Mancini
Chapter 10 || Poverty, Homelessness, and Ill Health 129
Abe Oudshoorn
Chapter 11 || The Forgotten Victims: Impact of Parental Incarceration on the Psychological Health of the Innocent Children Left Behind 141
Jessica Reid
Chapter 12 || Approaching the Health and Marginalization of People Who Use Opioids 153
Sharon Koivu and Thomas Piggott
Chapter 13 || Pathways to Health Equity for LGBTQ Populations 165
Nathan Lachowsky, Jacqueline Gahagan, and Kelly Anderson
Chapter 14 || “Prescribing Income”: A Multi-level Approach to Treating Social Determinants for Health Providers 178
Ritika Goel and Gary Bloch
Chapter 15 || Models of Primary Care Delivery for Under-Served Populations in Inner-City Settings 183
Dale Guenter, Abe Oudshoorn, and Joe Mancini
SECTION IV REFUGEE AND MIGRANT POPULATIONS 195
Section Introduction by Shpresa Aliu-Berisha
Timeline || A Brief History of Migration and Marginalization 201
Neil Arya
Chapter 16 || Social Determinants of Refugee Health 202
Michaela Hynie
Chapter 17 || Health Issues in Refugee Populations 224
Meb Rashid, Vanessa Redditt, Andrea Hunter, and Kevin Pottie
Chapter 18 || Mental Health Impact of Canadian Immigration
Detention 244
Hanna Gros
Chapter 19 || Migrant Farm Worker Health Care: Unique Strategies for a
Unique Population 251
Janet McLaughlin and Michelle Tew
SECTION V RESEARCH FOR UNDER-SERVED POPULATIONS 263
Section Introduction by Thomas Piggott and Neil Arya
Chapter 20 || Indigenous Health Research: Lessons from Life in the Arctic 265
Gwen K. Healey
Chapter 21 || Overcoming Challenges of Conducting Longitudinal Research in Stigmatized Urban Neighbourhoods 275
Biljana Vasilevska, Angela Di Nello, Erin Bryce, and James R. Dunn
Chapter 22 || Practical and Ethical Considerations for Health Research with Refugees 286
Patricia Gabriel
Chapter 23 || Engaging Communities to Identify Needs and Develop Solutions: Participatory Research Incorporates Community Voice in All Aspects of Health Research Decision-Making 304
Jon Salsberg, Soultana Macridis, Treena Delormier, Richard Hovey, Neil Andersson, Alex M. McComber, and Ann C. Macaulay
SECTION VI MAKING CHANGE—EDUCATION, ADVOCACY, AND SYSTEM CHANGE 319
Section Introduction by Neil Arya and Thomas Piggott
Chapter 24 || Educating Health Professionals to Care for Vulnerable and
Marginal Populations 321
Lesley Cooper, Neil Arya, Mona Negoita, and Ngan Pham
Chapter 25 ||Thinking Upstream: A Vision for a Healthy Society 339
Ryan Meili and Thomas Piggott
Chapter 26 || Reforming Health Systems to Promote Equity and Improve the Health of Under-Served Populations 350
Anne Andermann
Chapter 27 || From the Clinics to the Streets: The Fight against Refugee Health Cuts in Canada 362
Philip Berger, Meb Rashid, Alexander Caudarella, Andrea Evans, and
Christopher Holcroft
Chapter 28 || The W's of Successful Advocacy for the Under-Served: Lessons from Days of Action for Refugee Health 369
Neil Arya
Conclusion 377 Thomas Piggott and Neil Arya
Glossary 381 Contributors 387
